When contemplating the possibility of moving to another country, whether temporarily or permanently, it is essential to distinguish certain terms, whether your interest is as an investor, a digital nomad, or you simply want to have a Plan B for you and your family.
One recurring question in this field is the difference between residence and citizenship. These are distinct legal concepts within the framework of national and international law, each conferring different rights, obligations, and statuses on individuals. Let’s detail each one of them.
Residence
Residence refers to the legal permission granted to an individual to live within the borders of a country for an extended period, often for purposes such as employment, education, or family reunification. Generally, there are two categories of residence: temporary and permanent (or definitive). Temporary residence allows a person to stay in a country for a limited duration, which may be subject to renewal or extension. Permanent residence, on the other hand, grants the indefinite right to reside in the country, often accompanied by rights similar to those of citizens, excluding certain rights such as voting.
The process for obtaining residence generally involves meeting specific criteria set by the host country, which may include having secured employment, being enrolled in an educational institution, or having family ties within the country. Residence status is usually evidenced by a residence permit or card.
Citizenship
Citizenship denotes full membership in a nation-state, granting an individual the complete range of rights and responsibilities defined by that state. Citizens enjoy rights such as the ability to vote, run for public office, receive consular protection abroad, and live and work in the country without restrictions. In return, they are subject to duties such as obeying the law, paying taxes, and, in some countries, serving in the military.
Citizenship can be acquired through various means, including the right of birth (jus soli or jus sanguinis), naturalization, marriage to a citizen, or by descent. Naturalization is a legal process through which a non-citizen can acquire citizenship after meeting residency requirements and other criteria, such as language proficiency, knowledge of the country’s history and government, and an oath of allegiance.
Naturalized citizens generally enjoy the same rights as those born in the country, although some nations may impose restrictions on holding certain public offices or other specific privileges.
Key Differences
- Residence: Provides the legal right to live in a country but does not confer certain rights, such as full political rights or the permanence of citizenship.
- Citizenship: Is the highest legal status available, granting comprehensive rights and responsibilities within the nation-state.
In summary: whether you wish to work from Europe as a digital nomad, make investments compatible with the Golden Visa, live off passive income in the Old Continent, or simply want to have that Plan B for you and your family, at AIM Global we have a team of professional experts who will answer all your questions.
Schedule a meeting with us now. We know that each case is unique, and we accompany you throughout your international mobility process.
